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@#Sulfane sulfur species in the reactive sulfur species family include hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n ≥2), which play an essential role in physiological regulation and signal transduction. As a redox pair of H2S, H2Sn can be produced through oxidation or enzyme reaction and regulate protein interaction and enzyme activity.Research has revealed that H2Sn, with higher efficiency of protein S-sulfhydration than H2S, may be responsible for some physiological functions previously attributed to H2S.Therefore, real-time detection of H2Sn is crucial for studying its physiological activity and the relationship between H2S and H2Sn.Traditional detection methods, such as mass spectrometry, are not suitable for living organisms as they require tissue cell disruption.Instead, fluorescence probes are often used for in situ real-time detection due to their high sensitivity and specificity and low biological toxicity.This review summarizes the physiological regulatory activity of H2Sn, as well as the design strategy, response mechanism, fluorescence characteristics, and biological applications of H2Sn fluorescent probes based on the structure of the response group, with a prospect of the challenges and developments in this field.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Shengmaisan granules on myocardial fibrosis in chronic heart failure patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome by cardiac magnetic resonance （CMR） imaging and serological indicators. MethodSixty-six chronic heart failure patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine， Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from October 2021 to January 2023 were selected. The patients were assigned into a control group （33 cases） and an observation group （33 cases） by the minimization random method. Both groups received standardized Western medicine treatment for heart failure. In addition， the control group was treated with placebo granules， and the observation group with Shengmaisan granules for a course of 6 months. The baseline data， clinical efficacy， TCM symptom scores， serological indicators ［high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 protein （sST2）， pro-collagen Ⅲ N-terminal peptide （PⅢNP）， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-11， transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）］， echocardiography ［Left atrial diameter （LAD）， left ventricular end systolic diameter （LVEDs）， left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDd）］ and CMR indicators ［left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， myocardial extracellular volume fraction （ECV）， and longitudinal relaxation time （T1）］ were compared between the two groups. ResultFinally， 31 patients in the control group and 30 patients in the observation group were included. There was no significant difference in baseline data or indicators between the two groups before treatment. Compared with those before treatment， the scores of TCM symptoms （shortness of breath， fatigue， palpitations， spontaneous or night sweats， thirst/dry throat， feverish feeling in palms and soles， and edema in lower limbs）， total score of TCM symptoms， ECV， T1， inflammation/fibrosis indicators （hs-CRP， sST2， PⅢNP， IL-6， IL-11， and TGF-β1） in observation group decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the scores of TCM symptoms （except feverish feeling in palms and soles）， T1， and inflammation/fibrosis indicators in the control group decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， the observation group had lower scores of TCM symptoms （except feverish feeling in palms and soles and edema in lower limbs）， ECV， T1， and inflammation/fibrosis indicators than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. After treatment， the total response rate in the observation group was 93.33% （28/30）， which was higher than that （80.65%， 25/31） in the control group （Z=2.976， P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment. ConclusionFor patients with chronic heart failure with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome， Shengmaisan Granules can alleviate the TCM symptoms， reduce inflammation， and inhibit myocardial fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β1/IL-11 signaling axis.
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Objective:To investigate the prevention and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremity after medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO).Methods:A total of 128 patients who underwent medial open wedge HTO in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2020 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 45 males and 83 females, aged 59.3±6.8 years (range, 44-87 years). Postoperative anticoagulation with enoxaparin sodium was applied at a randomized dose of 4,000 AXaIU/d or 6,000 AXaIU/d. Gender, age, history of chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes), smoking history, body mass index, and body fat percentage were collected. On admission, the risk of DVT was assessed using the Caprini scale and calf circumference was measured. Hemoglobin, D-dimer, antithrombin III, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), glutathione, glutathione, urea, creatinine, uric acid were recorded. Patients were divided into DVT group and non-DVT group according to whether DVT occurred after operation. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of DVT after HTO. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated to analyze the predictive value of the postoperative Caprini scale in the occurrence of DVT after HTO.Results:A total of 128 patients were enrolled, 83 patients were treated with enoxaparin sodium 4 000 AXaIU/d and 45 patients were treated with enoxaparin sodium 6 000 AXaIU/d. According to the results of color Doppler examination of bilateral lower extremity veins on the third day after operation, DVT occurred in 39% (50/128) of patients, including 39 cases of calf intermuscular thrombosis, 6 cases of peroneal vein thrombosis, 4 cases of posterior tibial vein thrombosis, and 1 case of popliteal vein thrombosis. DVT occurred in 36% (30/83) of patients receiving 4 000 AXaIU/d enoxaparin sodium and 44% (20/45) of patients receiving 6 000 AXaIU/d enoxaparin sodium, with no statistically significant difference (χ 2=0.84, P=0.358). Univariate analysis showed that smoking history, postoperative Caprini scale≥8, and female may be associated with the development of DVT after HTO ( P<0.05). They were included in the binary logistic regression, and the results showed that postoperative Caprini scale≥8 was an independent risk factor for DVT after HTO. The ROC curve of postoperative Caprini scale for predicting DVT after HTO was drawn, and the AUC was 0.847 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.96), the optimal cut-off value was 8, and the sensitivity and specificity were 84.2% and 77.6%, respectively. Conclusion:Caprini scale≥8 is an independent risk factor for DVT after medial open wedge HTO. Caprini scale has a good value in predicting the occurrence of DVT after HTO. The recommended dose of enoxaparin sodium is 4 000 AXaIU/d for the prevention of postoperative DVT, and increasing the dose is not associated with a decreased risk of DVT.
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Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of hepatectomy in the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis with secondary cavernous transformation of the portal vein.Methods:The clinical data of 7 patients undergoing surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Jan 2010 to Dec 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 1 case of cavernous type Ⅰ transformation of the portal vein and 6 cases of type Ⅱ. All patients underwent partial hepatectomy. The average operation time was (9.24±4.09) h. Two patients underwent resection of cavernous segment of portal vein and reconstruction by graft, Albendazole was taken orally for 2 years after discharge. Anticoagulants were taken orally in patients with artificial vascular reconstruction. No recurrence and vascular complications were found. Five patients underwent palliative resection without resection of the cavernous segment of the portal vein. During the follow-up, cavernous transformation of the portal vein progressed in 3 patients, 2 of them esophageal varices rupture and bleeding.Conclusion:Radical hepatectomy and revascularization are the first choice for the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis complicated with secondary cavernous transformation of portal vein the result was fair.
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Compression by hepatic hydatid lesions may invade the portal vein and cause cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV), which has difficulties and high risks in surgery, and conventional hepatectomy cannot achieve radical treatment. This article reviews the etiology, classification, clinical manifestations, and auxiliary examinations of hepatic echinococcosis with CTPV and summarizes the treatment strategies for this disease. It is believed that the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis with CTPV should combine the resection of hydatid lesions with the effective relief of portal hypertension, and revascularization and ex-vivo liver resection with auto-transplantation play an important role in radical resection.
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Objective To compare the effects of remifentanil and fentanyl in urologic surgery under endoscopic anesthesia and the incidence of adverse reactions in patients.Methods A total of 170 patients undergoing urological surgery admitted to the Second People 's Hospital of Jinzhong from February 2015 to April 2016 were randomly divided into the study group and control group according to the digital table ,with 85cases in each group. Remifentanil and fentanyl was used in the study group and control group respectively .The preoperative anesthesia was performed in the patients who received anesthesia before and after tracheal intubation and before and after tracheal intubation,and the time of induction of anesthesia ,the operation time and the time of postoperative wakefulness were compared between the two groups.Pressure and heart rate changes ,the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded and compared between the two groups.The amount of anesthesia ,anesthesia surgery costs and the amount of bleeding during surgery were compared.Results The induction time of anesthesia in the study group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (9.8min vs.6.9min,t＝12.029,P＜0.05).The mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the study group were significantly larger than those in the control group ( all P＜0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (5.9% vs.12.9%,χ2＝7.935,P＜0.05).The cost and blood loss of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (2 871.4 CNY vs.3 014.9 CNY;23.4mL vs.32.7mL,t＝20.391,17.907,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of remifentanil in preoperative anesthesia of urologic surgery can save time ,reduce the economic burden of patients and the incidence of adverse reactions in patients.It is worthy of widely recommended in clinic.
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Objective To explore the effect of sinomenine on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),cathepsin G (Cat-G) and cathepsin S (Cat-S) in rats with collagen induced arthritis (CIA).Methods The 60 SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,high dose group,medium dose group,low dose group,and dexamethasone group (with 1 0 in each group).In the normal control group,the rats were given ordinary feed.For the other five groups,the rats were used to build a CIA model and give pharmacologic intervention in the following 20 days.After 20 days of inflammation,sinomenine would be divided into three different dose groups,with 120 mg/kg,90 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg,respectively,and each group was given a gavage daily.For the dexamethasone group,7.5 mg/kg dexamethasone was given for gavage once a day.In terms of the model group and normal group,the rats were perfused with the same volume of saline once daily.Then,taken the pictures of foot paw X-ray and foot paw pictures of rats in each group,measured the content of TNF-α,Cat-G,Cat-S in blood serum,observed the pathological changes in the synovial tissue of rats in each group by tissue section,measured the content of TNF-α,Cat-G,Cat-S in in spleen of rats by Immunohistochemical staining.Results The results of X-ray showed that there were obvious soft tissue swelling,joint deformity and osteolysis in the paws of the model group,and the above symptoms were alleviated in different degrees in each treatment group compared with the model group.Compared with the model group,the expression of TNF-α (376.48 ± 22.21 pg/ml,369.45 ± 82.68 pg/ml,425.17 ± 153.51 pg/ml vs.457.63 ± 152.67 pg/ml),Cat-G (1 398.05 ± 167.32 pg/ml,1 337.65 ± 209.34 pg/ml,1 412.78 ± 67.65 pg/ml vs.2 283.03 ± 185.21 pg/ml),and Cat-S (662.18 ± 169.66 pg/ml,406.80 ± 41.93 pg/ml,452.76 ± 50.49 pg/ml vs.838.11 ± 141.86 pg/ml) in blood serum of sinomenine high dose group,medium dose group and low dose group significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The expression of TNF-α (0.28 ± 0.05,0.21 ± 0.03,0.34 ± 0.04 vs.0.50 ± 0.04),Cat-G (0.28 ± 0.02,0.18 ± 0.06,0.27 ± 0.02 vs.0.37 ± 0.03),and Cat-S (0.22 ± 0.02,0.18 ± 0.03,0.27 ± 0.02 vs.0.35 ± 0.03) in spleen tissue significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The results of HE staining showed that the synovial tissue of normal rats was normal,the synovial tissue cells of model rats were damaged,the expression of inflammatory cells was significantly increased,and pannus hyperplasia was observed.Inflammatory cell infiltration and pannus hyperplasia were decreased in each group after administration.Conclusions Sinomenine has a sound and comprehensive intervention effect on rheumatoid arthritis,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the expression ofTNF-α,Cat-G and Cat-S.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for studying probiotics in the treatment of SAP were retrieved from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Medline,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),Chinese science and technology journal full-text database (VIP),China journal full-text database (CNKI),Wanfang academic journal fulltext database.The methodological quality of included literatures was evaluated,and statistical analysis was performed via RevMan5.3 software.Results A total of 12 pieces of RCT literatures including 910 cases of patients with SAP were included.The results of meta analysis indicated that no statistically significant difference was found in the mortality [RR =0.97,95 ％ CI(0.63,1.49),P=0.88],the incidence rate of multiple organ dysfunction [RR =0.72,95 ％ CI(0.49,1.06),P=0.10] and the incidence rate of pancreas-related infections [RR=0.76,95 ％ CI(0.54,1.07),P=0.12] between the probiotics group and the control group;while there were statistically significant differences in the length of hospital stay [MD =-3.74,95 ％ CI(-6.37,-1.12),P=0.005] and the incidence rate of intestinal ischemia necrosis [RR=11.39,95 ％ CI(1.5,86.4),P =0.02],Conclusion Probiotics could not improve clinical outcomes of patients with SAP,and may increase risk for intestinal ischemic necrosis.However,it could shorten the length of hospital stay.
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PurposeStruma ovarii (SO) is rare and has no typical symptoms, which is likely to be misdiagnosed before procure. The present study aimed to evaluate multi-sliced CT (MSCT) findings of struma ovarii so as to improve its imaging diagnosis.Materials and Methods The clinical and radiological data of 25 patients with struma ovarii confirmed pathologically patients were retrospectively analyzed and further compared with the pathological results after procure.Results For 25 SO patients, 22 (88%) had unilateral lesions and the rest 3 (12%) had bilateral ones; 11 lesions (44%) were cystic, 8 lesions (32%) were cystic-solid, and 6 lesions (24%) were solid. The CT images of 8 lesions showed high density cystic lumens. Twenty-five tumors had smooth margins, which appeared round, ellipse or irregular. The pathological findings showed that most of the cystic portions were filled with high proteinaceous gelatinous fluid and eosinophiclic colloid, and the solid portions consisted of thyroid tissue and stoma containing abundant blood vessels and fibrous tissue.Conclusion SO has the MSCT features such as cystic solid mass with unilateral and smooth margin, capsular space with high density, calcification, and solid parts with obvious enhancement.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Chinese medicine HUOXUESHENGJI(promoting blood flow and tissue regeneration) on the oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscles after acute contusion.Methods Seventy two male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups:(1)Chinese medicine HUOXUESHENGJI group(A),(2)physiological saline group(B),(3)natural healing group(C),and(4)blank control group(D).The muscle contusion was produced at the gastrocnemius by specific device;Local injection at the injured site with Chinese medicine HUOXUESHENGJI in group A;local injection with physiological saline instead of HUOXUESHENGJI in group B,and natural healing group served as control.The muscles were sampled at day 1,4,7 and 14 respectively after contusion,and then the MDA and the activities of antioxidant enzymes(CAT,SOD and GSH-px)in gastrocnemius were investigated.Results As compared with the group B and group C,SOD and GSH-px activities in group A were significantly increased after contusion(P0.05).The con-centrations of MDA in group A were lower than that in group B and group C at day 4 and day 7 after contusion(P